POST-PYROGENIC PROCESSES IN SOILS OF BOL’SHOY USHKANIY ISLAND (LAKE BAIKAL) AND THEIR POTENTIAL IMPACT ON EUTROPHICATION OF THE COASTAL ZONE
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Dec 8, 2020
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We investigated the soils of a model site in Severnaya Bay, affected by the 2015 fire, on Bolshoi Ushkanii Island (Lake Baikal). Blue-green algae bloom in the coastal zone and its release to the shore we observed in this bay in summer 2016. To study the soils at two points of observation (a high and a low-intensity fire), the approach of geochemical conjugate sections applied. Wildfire strongly affected top soils horizons (4‒5 sm), there are charred roots biomass, soot, charcoal, and structural aggregate stability is changed. Migration and accumulation of total organic carbon, N‒NH4, mobile phosphates, detected at the foot of the slope, which is 1,5‒3 times higher than the content of these elements in unburned soil. The slope migration of pyrogenic carbon is traced studying polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). At 80‒90%, PAHs are represented by a Retene − а marker of wood combustion. Post-pyrogenic slope erosion was detected a year after the fire in Severnaya Bay. Biogenic elements migration and accumulation in the beach area (including interstitial water) can have consequences as a potential factor in the eutrophication of Lake Baikal coastal zone.
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2. Dymov A.A., Dubrovskii YU.A., Gabov D.N., Zhangurov E.V., Nizovtsev N.A. Vliyanie pozhara v severotaezhnom el'nike na organicheskoe veshchestvo pochvy //Lesovedenie. 2015. № 1. S.54–81.
3. Efimova I.M, Zuev F.L. Osobennosti mekhanizma obrazovaniya Baikal'skikh terras po rezul'tatam izucheniya terrasovogo kompleksa Ushkan'ikh ostrovov // Sovremennaya geodinamika Tsentral'noi Azii i opasnye prirodnye protsessy: rezul'taty issledovanii na kolichestvennoi osnove. Materialy III Vserossiiskogo soveshchaniya i II Vserossiiskoi molodezhnoi shkoly po sovremennoi geodinamike. 2016. S. 218–220.
4. Ivanov V.V., Evdokimenko M.D. Rol' rubok i pozharov v dinamike lesov basseina ozera Baikal // Lesovedenie. 2017. № 4. S. 256–269.
5. Kozhov M.M. Biologiya ozera Baikal. M.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1962. 315 s.
6. Krasnoshchekov YU.N., Cherednikova YU.S. Postpirogennaya transformatsiya pochv kedrovykh lesov v yuzhnom Pribaikal'e // Pochvovedenie. 2012. № 10. S. 1057–1067.
7. Krasnoshchekov YU.N. Vliyanie pirogennogo faktora na serogumusovye pochvy sosnovykh lesov v Tsentral'noi ehkologicheskoi zone Baikal'skoi prirodnoi territorii // Sibirskii lesnoi zhurnal. 2014. № 2. S. 43–52.
8. Krasnoshchekov YU.N., Evdokimenko M.D., Onuchin A.A. Postpirogennaya digressiya lesnykh ehkosistem v gornom Pribaikal'e //Sibirskii lesnoi zhurnal. 2018. № 6. S. 46–57.
9. Lamakin V.V. Ushkan'i ostrova i problema proiskhozhdeniya Baikala. M.: Geografgiz, 1952. 189 s.
10. Molozhnikov V.N. Ehkologicheskie repery Pribaikal'ya – poligony dlya kompleksnogo monitoringa ehkosistem //Razvitie zhizni v protsesse abioticheskikh izmenenii na Zemle . 2014. № 3. S. 350–357.
11. Polevoi opredelitel' pochv. M.: Pochvennyi in-t im. V.V. Dokuchaeva, 2008. 182 s.
12. Timoshkin O.A. Ozero Baikal: raznoobrazie fauny, problemy ee nesmeshivaemosti i proiskhozhdeniya, ehkologiya i «ehkzoticheskiE» soobshchestva //Annotirovannyi spisok fauny ozera Baikal i ego vodosbornogo basseina v 2 tomakh. Ser. «Spravochniki i opredeliteli po faune i flore ozera BaikaL» Rossiiskaya akademiya nauk, Sibirskoe otdelenie; Limnologicheskii institut, Institut obshchei i ehksperimental'noi biologii. Novosibirsk, 2001. S. 14–72.
13. Shimaraeva M.K. Pochvy Bol'shogo Ushkan'ego ostrova // Priroda Ushkan'ikh ostrovov na Baikale: geobotanicheskie issledovaniya na poberezh'e oz. Baikal. M.: Nauka, 1969. S.54–81.
14. Bixby R.J., Cooper S.D., Gresswell R. E., Brown L. E., Dahm C.N., Dwire K.A. Fire effects on aquatic ecosystems: an assessment of the current state of the science //Freshwater Science. 2015. V. 34(4). P. 1340–1350.
15. Certini G. Effects of fire on properties of forest soils: a review //Oecologia. 1999. V.143. P. 1–10.
16. De Bano L.F., Neary D.G., Ffolliott P.F. Fire's Effects on Ecosystems. New York.: John Willey and Sons Inc., 1998
17. Dymov A.A., Abakumov E.V., Bezkorovaynaya I.N., Prokushkin A.S., Kuzyakov Ya.V., Milanovsky E.Yu. Impact of forest fire on soil properties (review) // Theoretical and Applied Ecology. 2018. No 4. P. 13–23.
18. Kulikova N.N., Chebykin E.P. , Suturin A.N. , Vashukevich N.V. , Timoshkin O.A. Impact of the coastal taiga fires onto chemical elemental composition of soils, grounds and near-shore waters of Bol’shoy Ushkaniy Island (Lake Baikal, Siberia) //Limnology and Freshwater Biology. 2020. No 4. P. 671–672 https://doi.org/10.31951/2658-3518-2020-A-4-671
19. Mataix-Solera J., Cerda A., Arcenequi V., Jordan A., Zavala L.M. Fire effects on soil aggregation: A review //Earth-Science reviews. 2011. V. 109. R. 44–60
20. McCullough I.M., Cheruvelil K.S., Lapierre J‐F. et al. Do lakes feel the burn? Ecological consequences of increasing exposure of lakes to fire in the continental United States //Global Change Biology. 2019. V. 25. P. 2841– 2854. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14732
21. Mc Eachern P., Prepas E.E., Gibson J.J., Dinsmore W.P. Forest fire induced impacts on phosphorous, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a concentrations in boreal subartic lakes of northern Alberta //Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 2000. V.57. P. 73–81.
22. Pinel-Alloul B., Planas D., Carignan R., Magnan P. Synthèse des impacts écologiques des feux et des coupes forestières sur les lacs de l'ecozone boréale au Québec Revue des sciences de l'eau //Journal of Water Science. 2002. V. 15. No.1. P. 371-395.
23. Ramdahl T. Retene − a molecular marker of wood combustion in ambient air //Nature. 1983. V. 306. P. 580−582.
24. Rey-Salgueiro L., Martínez-Carballo E., Merino A., Vega J.A., Fonturbel M.T., Simal-Gandara J. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil organic horizons depending on the soil burn severity and typo of ecosystem // Land Degradation & Development. 2018. V. 29. P. 2112–2123.
25. Rumpel C., Chaplot V., Planchon O., Bernadou J., Valentin C., Mariotti A. Preferential erosion of black carbon on steep slopes with slash and burn agriculture // Satena. 2006. V. 65. P. 30–40.
26. Smith H.G., Sheridan G.J., Lane P.N., Nyman P., Haydon S. Wildfire effects on water quality in forest catchments: a review with implications for water supply// Journal of Hydrology. 2011. V. 396. P. 170–192.
27. Timoshkin O. A. A researcher from Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences reports: Baikal is evidently in danger. 52 pp. https://irk.today/2019/12/11/uchenyj-so-ran-u-bajkala-nalico-vse-priznaki-bolezni/
28. Wan S., Hui D., Luo Y. Fire effects on nitrogen pools and dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems: a meta-analysis // Ecological Applications. 2001. V. 11(5). P. 1349–1365.