BIOPRODUCTIVITY OF ONE-YEAR FODDER CROPS ON GREEN CRYOFEED IN CONDITIONS OF CRYOLITHOZONE

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The article presents the results of field studies on the biological production of fodder crops in cryolithozone conditions for the production of green frozen food. The purpose of the research is to study the yield, nutritional value and productivity of oats, and its mixtures with peas, rapeseed and barley at different sowing times for cryofeed. Field experiments were conducted on permafrost floodplain sod-gley soils of the Oymyakonsky District (Cold Pole) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Laboratory studies were performed on the basis of the laboratory of biochemistry and mass analysis (GOST-26205-86). In Oymyakon, the duration of the period with an average daily temperature above 10 degrees is equal to 73 days on average. The transition of the average daily air temperature through + 10 degrees occurs in August, after + 5 - in September, the sum of active temperatures above +10 degrees is 913 degrees Celsius, which allows cultivation of cold-resistant feed crops for cryofeed. The highest crop of forage crops in an average of 3 years of research was obtained by the second term of sowing. Oats provided the maximum yield of green mass - 10.6 t/ha. The yield of the green mass of the oatmeal mixture was 10.2 t/ha, the oats + barley provided 9.5 t/ha of the green mass. The oatmeal mixture has the lowest yield of green mass - 6.4 t/ha, which is explained by the biological features of the plants. In terms of productivity, the highest rates were noted for oats - the gross energy collection for the second term was 48.4 GJ/ha, the exchange energy was 28.2 GJ/ha, and the digestible protein was 0.36 t/ha. The oat-pea mixture provided the maximum yield of feed-protein units for the second sowing period — 0.64 t/ha, while the gross energy was 46.5 GJ/ha, the exchange energy was 25.0 GJ/ha, and the digestible protein was 0.49 t/ha, dry weight yield was 2.7 t/ha. A distinctive feature of the production of cryofeed is that the sowing of forage crops is carried out not in spring, but in mid-July (the second term of sowing), with the calculation of the remaining amount of active temperatures 650-700 degrees Celsius sufficient for the accumulation of high yield of green mass (6.4-10.6 t/ha) by the time of transition of average daily air temperature through +5 degrees to minus. The production of frozen by natural cold green fodder based on the late date of sowing annual forage crops in permafrost conditions will provide for the need of feed protein and animal vitamins of the North in the winter-spring period.

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References

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