DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF ADAPTIVE CROPE ROTATIONS BASED ON MODELING
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Land reform radically changed the system of agricultural land use. More attention is paid to the economic results of using agricultural land, often worsening the environmental conditions of their use. One of the directions for rationalizing the use of arable land is the introduction of adaptive crop rotations. It is proposed to use adaptive fruit crop rotations, which make it possible to take into account the quality condition of arable land and ensure the efficiency of agricultural production. A system of forage and field crop rotations was developed for LLC “Indeyka” in the Kalachinsky municipal district of the Omsk region. The location and area ofcrop rotations are tied to the arable land areas used, taking into account the ecological state of arable areas and the manifestation of negative processes on them. Crop rotations include agricultural crops that have a beneficial effect on the ecological state of arable land, ensuring the preservation of soil fertility, as well as market crops that ensure the economic efficiency of crop production. In order to optimize the sown areas in the developed adaptive fruit crop rotations, an economic and mathematical model for optimizing the structure of the sown areas has been developed. The objective function is aimed at obtaining the maximum value of the gross production of spring and winter wheat and barley. The system of restrictions is represented by several blocks. The limiting factor in optimization was labor resources, so two versions of the models were developed - taking into account the labor resources available on the farm and using seasonal workers. For each model, the structure of arable land use is determined. The second model turned out to be more effective; when implemented, the farm will receive the maximum value from the sale of marketable products in the amount of more than 155 million rubles. The obtained result of solving the economic-mathematical model reflects the optimal state of use of the farm's arable land.
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