FORECAST OF GROUNDWATER MINERALIZATION AND SALINATION IN RICE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
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Abstract
From the world practice of rice production, it is known that rice is a moisture-loving crop and requires a large volume of irrigation water. The following ecological aspects are characteristic of the reclamation complex: groundwater level; dynamics of surface runoff; the state of the soil-absorbing complex. As the criteria for the ameliorative state of rice fields from the standpoint of the salt regime of the soil, we take the following: the depth of burial and salinity of groundwater, the type and degree of salinity of a meter-long soil layer, and the average rate of vertical filtration. It should be noted that the areas of the irrigation fund of the Krasnodar Territory available for planting rice annually decrease as a result of partial and sometimes complete non-compliance with crop rotations and rice cultivation technologies, which leads to
a decrease in soil fertility up to a partial or complete withdrawal of land from agricultural purposes, and Rice irrigation systems require major repairs,
the implementation of which is economically unprofitable. When justifying projects for irrigation systems, complete knowledge of hydrochemical conditions and, in particular, the regime and salinity of groundwater is required. In the article, the forecast of groundwater salinity is made by an approximate balance method and the results of repeated salt survey on the rice system of the Slavyansky district of the Krasnodar Territory are described. The performed calculations will make it possible to recommend preliminary permissible depths of groundwater, make timely management decisions, develop optimally adapted technological and logical maps to obtain guaranteed high yields of rice without reducing the reclamation state of soils. Their application in practice solves the problem of ensuring high productivity of rice crop rotation, effective land use, conservation and reproduction of soil fertility.
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References
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