PRODUCTIVITY OF COLUMNAR APPLE VARIETIES IN CBD CONDITIONS

Abstract

This paper reflects the results of research on the productivity of columnar apple varieties in CBD conditions.

The apple tree is the main fruit crop not only in Russia, but also in many countries of the world.

In the conditions of the CBD, attempts were made to create intensive apple orchards using only compacted plantings without changing the variety-rootstock composition and the introduction of low-volume crowns. This technological solution did not give positive results. Moreover, the reduction in the area of tree nutrition and excessive compaction led to a strong thickening of the gardens, which caused not only the oppression of trees, but also caused more problems with processing and care in the gardens. Also, the incidence of trees with various diseases increased significantly, they were more often affected by pests. This reduced the quantity and quality of the products received.

In this regard, the greatest attention was paid to varieties with a low-volume columnar crown. These are low trees growing mainly in one trunk, densely overgrown with fruit formations. Such trees are the most productive, enter fruiting earlier, it is more convenient to take care of them, any agricultural operations are performed more efficiently and quickly.

Varieties of columnar apple trees that were grown as prototypes many years ago in our country had low yields and small fruits. The reason for this was that when breeding varieties, attention was mainly paid to columnar, winter hardiness and resistance to diseases.