HARMFUL WEED COMPONENT OF WINTER WHEAT SOWING

Abstract

Weeds today are one of the main reasons for the decrease in yield and quality of crop production. An increase in the density of placement of the weed field component per unit area entails a reduction in the feeding area of field crops, competition for life factors, which in combination reduces the level of farming culture and crop productivity. One of the differences between cultivated and weeds is the different amount of moisture and nutrients consumed during ontogenesis. Thus, at the beginning of its development, the medium chickweed consumes 1.2 times more moisture compared to winter wheat plants, which explains the decrease in the moisture content of the root layer by an average of 4-9% at the maximum plant density per unit area. The purpose of the study is to determine the species composition of weeds and the critical periods of their harmfulness in winter wheat crops. The study was conducted in the period 2020-2022. in the Mozdok region of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The results obtained are necessary for the development of evidence-based measures to combat weeds in the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. In the winter wheat crops of the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, a complex type of weediness is observed: wintering weeds prevailed (25.0%), which is associated with the biological characteristics of the culture. Somewhat less common were early spring weed species (19.22%), in particular, fragrant chamomile (Matricaria discoídea (L.)), white gauze (Chenopodium album (L.)), common pikulnik (Galeopsis tetrahit (L.)) . The critical period of weed damage in the agrocenosis of winter wheat variety Boyarynya is 23 days from the moment of germination. 27 days after germination is the critical period of weed damage in winter wheat crops, variety Rostovchanka 3.