EVALUATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING RAPESEED IN THE CONDITIONS OF WESTERN SIBERIA
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Abstract
Rapeseed is one of the main oil and fodder crops in Russia and abroad. The climatic and soil conditions of Western Siberia are generally favorable for the cultivation of spring rapeseed. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the seed productivity of released and promising varieties and hybrids of spring rapeseed of different ecological and geographical origins. The rapeseed varieties Tavrion, Ruyan, Amulet, Forpost KL, Griffin, and hybrids Miracle, Lumen with a growth season of 83-85 days were selected in the ecological variety trial by early maturity. We established that in Western Siberia even under extremely dry conditions of the year according to agrometeorological indicators, it is possible to get the yield of spring rapeseed of 1.79-2.16 t/ha. Rapeseed plants sprouted uniformly, rooted well, quickly closed up, and thus were able to withstand the drought to the maximum. In terms of seed yield under the conditions of 2022, the following varieties were selected: 55region, Sibiryak 60, Prometheus, Yarky, and hybrids Miracle and Lumen. The high seed yield is confirmed by the elements of the yield structure. We observed the maximum height (125 cm) of plants and the number of pods per plant (104 pieces) in the variety Yarky, in hybrids, these indicators varied 120-115 cm and 109-113 pieces per plant, respectively. In terms of biochemical indicators, we compared the qualitative composition of oil. The oil content in rapeseed seeds may vary depending on the conditions of the year, but to a large extent, it is a varietal trait. The high oil content of seeds of 51.6-52.0 % was noted in the varieties 55region, Amulet, Geros. The variety Amulet had the highest oleic acid content (73.6 %) and a low linolenic acid content (4.08 %). Presented varieties and hybrids showed low content of erucic acid in oil and glucosinolates in seeds (within the normal range, up to 15 µmol/g).
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